MicroRNA: A Novel Micro-machineries to Target Crop Plants for Tolerance to Temperature Stress

Natural ecosystems are considered to be under severe threat from global climate change. Abiotic and biotic factors of the planet are influenced by climate change, which is a dynamic, complex system of alterations in environmental conditions. Abiotic stress is considered one of the main factors restricting plant growth and development worldwide. The most prevalent ones are heat stress (HS), chilling stress (CS), and freezing stress (FS), which are brought on by adverse temperature variations. It lessens physiologic responses in plants and hinders development as well as photosynthesis. Emerging research has shown that microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulatory mechanisms may strengthen the potential of plants to withstand abiotic stress, ensuring sustainable agricultural production. Studies related to unraveling target genes that are miRNA-dependent have been carried out in the context of the several ways that miRNA controls gene expression in eukaryotes. Plant miRNAs also control diverse biological processes owing to the way they interact with target genes. It has a significant effect on the growth, morphogenesis, and stress response of plants. The goal of miRNA-based research is to understand and develop methods for breeding crops that are resistant to stress and for agricultural development. This study is focused on the latest research on miRNAs and their targets involved in plant responses to temperature stress. Additionally, the current review provides insights into the production of miRNAs and the current pattern of expression against temperature stress, along with the computational methods that anticipate collaboration among the miRNAs and their target genes.