Feedstocks for higher alcohol production

Higher alcohols are a group of compounds that have emerged as a fuel alternative because they can be obtained from renewable sources and have higher energy density than ethanol. Simple sugars, such as glucose, are generally used as the substrates in the biosynthesis of higher alcohols; however, concerns have been raised about competition with human nutrition, and there is an interest in utilizing alternative feedstocks that promote sustainable development. This chapter addresses the general aspects associated with nutrient assimilation by microorganisms for higher alcohol production, focusing on the use of glycerol, agroindustrial wastes, lignocellulosic biomass, algal biomass, carbon dioxide, and syngas as feedstocks. A discussion is presented on the specific aspects of such materials, pointing out the recent advances and challenges associated with their use for the production of higher alcohols.