Exploring the ECG "6+2" Phenomenon in Coronary Artery Disease and Coronary Artery Spasm: A Case Report Analysis and Treatment Implications

Objective: Unusual clinical courseBackground: Although coronary artery disease and coronary artery spasm (CAS) can lead to acute myocardial infarction, there are clear differences in treatment between coronary heart disease and CAS, and the therapeutic sched-ule should not be confused. Furthermore, electrocardiogram (ECG) "6+2" phenomenon is recommend as a spe-cific ECG indicator for lesions in the left main coronary artery or multiple vessels. Currently, no reports of this phenomenon in CAS exist.Case Report: A 72-year-old man had history of recurrent chest pain for over 6 years, with episodes lasting about 10 min and resolving with rest. He experienced symptom recurrence and exacerbation due to substance abuse. He was ad-mitted to our Emergency Department for chest pain at rest. His emergency ECG revealed a 6+2 phenomenon, accompanied by troponin levels exceeding 18 times the reference value. Promptly, we conducted coronary an-giography, with unexpected normal findings. Following thorough assessment, we postulated the patient could have CAS. Subsequent to medical team intervention, the patient's ECG normalized, leading to his discharge upon condition stabilization.Conclusions: We report a case of CAS in a patient with ECG 6+2 phenomenon, without significant coronary artery stenosis. This differs from transient ST-segment elevation on ECG, a well-recognized hallmark of CAS; however, such a presentation has not been documented before. Additionally, treatment strategies for myocardial ischemic con-ditions stemming from coronary atherosclerosis diverge from those employed for CAS. Therefore, clinicians should advocate for coronary angiography whenever feasible. This approach serves to elucidate the underly-ing disease etiology and facilitates the administration of precision-targeted interventions for patients.