Assessment of Salinomycin's Potential to Treat Microcotyle sebastis in Korean Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)

Simple Summary: Aquaculture is vital for global food production, but parasites like Microcotyle sebastis pose challenges to Korean rockfish, leading to economic concerns. As there is a growing worry about drug resistance, we explored salinomycin, previously recognized for treating other parasites, to combat this issue. Our experiments revealed that salinomycin effectively lessens these parasites in Korean rockfish without significant side effects. Importantly, the treatment appeared potentially more stable when administered at a water temperature of 13 degrees C. This study suggests that salinomycin could be a promising alternative, especially if resistance against current treatments like praziquantel emerges. Aquaculture, a crucial sector of the global food industry, faces a myriad of issues due to parasitic invasions. One such parasite, Microcotyle sebastis, which afflicts Korean rockfish in South Korea, has a significant economic impact. The impending danger of resistance to traditional anthelmintics necessitates the exploration of new antiparasitic candidates. Although the efficacy of salinomycin against aquatic parasites such as ciliates and sporozoans is known, its influence on monogeneans has yet to be studied. Therefore, this study investigated the efficacy and safety of salinomycin for the treatment of M. sebastis infections, presenting the first exploration of salinomycin's therapeutic potential against monogeneans. In vitro examinations revealed a minimum effective concentration of salinomycin of 5 mg/kg, which led to necrosis of the haptor upon dislodging from the gill filaments. The one-time oral administration of the drug at concentrations of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg showed a significant dose-dependent reduction in parasite counts, with no apparent behavioral side effects in Korean rockfish. Biochemical analyses monitored the liver, heart, and kidney enzymes, specifically aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB). At both 20 degrees C and 13 degrees C, no significant differences were observed in the levels of AST and ALT. However, at 20 degrees C, alterations in BUN levels were evident on Day 14, a deviation not observed at 13 degrees C. The CK-MB analysis revealed elevated enzyme levels at both temperatures when compared to the control group, reflecting the similar changes observed in terrestrial animals administered salinomycin. The biochemical data suggest that the oral administration of salinomycin is potentially more favorable at 13 degrees C than at 20 degrees C. Although our findings warrant further comprehensive studies, including on the long-term and potential effects on nontarget species and water quality, they also suggest that salinomycin could be considered as an alternative or adjunctive treatment if resistance to the currently used praziquantel against M. sebastis is confirmed.