Phase change material window for dynamic energy flow regulation: Review

The phase change material (PCM) window is a promising technology for enhancing the thermal regulation capabilities of transparent facades by dynamically regulating the energy flow between indoor and outdoor environments. By storing and releasing thermal energy during phase transitions, PCM windows can effectively regulate indoor temperature and reduce heating or cooling loads. This study examines 53 research studies published within the last decade. These studies are analyzed based on geographic distribution, PCM material types, research methods, and performance indices. The PCM windows are categorized according to the PCMs integration measures, which include direct infill to the window cavity, embedding within window frames, and integration with built-in heat exchangers to preheat or precool the vent air. The light, thermal, and energy performances of these innovative PCM windows are summarized and discussed. Moreover, the potential of dynamic designs for PCM windows to enhance the light and thermal regulation abilities through flexible arrangement of PCM components is recognized as promising. However, a comprehensive assessment of their performance and energy-saving potential still need to be fully explored. This review identifies potential challenges and limitations associated with PCM window studies and applications, highlighting the need for future investigation to fully explore the benefits of dynamic designs and renewable energy utilization. These findings provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners seeking to optimize the use of PCM windows in building envelopes.