Intelligent recognition of greenhouse cucumber canopy vine top with deep learning model

In order to solve the problem of low recognition accuracy of cucumber canopy vine tops image caused by the high density and intermingling of the cucumber canopy vine, an image recognition model of cucumber canopy tops based on the deep learning model of improved YOLOv5 is proposed in this paper. A combination of online and offline augmentation is used to amplify the original data to ensure a balanced number of images in different types of datasets during training and testing. Considering the small leaves characteristics of the cucumber canopy vine tops, the CA mechanism module (YOLOv5-CA) is introduced into the backbone network of the YOLOv5 model to improve the recognition accuracy of the small leaf target. On this basis, the regression Loss GIOU of the target position was changed to EIOU and the cross-entropy function of confidence loss was changed to Focal Loss function (YOLOv5-CA-LS) to reduce the influence of the imbalance of difficult and easy samples on the detection results. The models before and after optimization were compared. The results show that compared with the YOLOv5 model, the accuracy, recall rate, mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5:0.95 of the YOLOv5-CA-LS model is improved by 4.4%, 5.0%, 1.3% and 1.8% respectively. And average recognition accuracy value of the instance of the cucumber canopy tops adopted the YOLOv5-CA-LS model is 97.1% under different angle and cloudy conditions, which can meet the recognition requirement of high density and intermingling of the cucumber canopy vine tops.