Characteristics of Gastric Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Patients with Early Gastric Cancer After Successful Helicobacter pylori Eradication

Background Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is widely recognized as a definite carcinogen in gastric cancer (GC). Although H. pylori eradication reduces the risk of GC, GC recurrence has been detected even after successful H. pylori eradication. Recently, the analysis of gut microbiota was reported. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between gastric mucosa-associated microbiota (G-MAM) and early gastric cancer (EGC) after successful H. pylori eradication. Methods In this pilot study, G-MAM were collected during the esophagogastroduodenoscopy of 17 patients, receiving H. pylori eradication therapy at least 5 years ago. The patients were divided into those with EGC (the EGC group, 8 patients) and those without EGC (the NGC group, 9 patients). Microbial samples in the greater curvature of the pyloric site were obtained using an endoscopic cytology brush, and the G-MAM profiles of each sample were analyzed using 16S rRNA V3-V4 gene sequencing. Results Between the two groups, there was no significant difference in the median age, sex, median period after successful eradication of H. pylori , the α diversity, and the average abundance at the phylum level. At the genus level, the average abundance of Unclassified Oxalobacteraceae , Capnocytophaga , and Haemophilus was significantly lower in the EGC group than in the NGC group (0.89 vs. 0.14%, P < 0.01, 0.28 vs. 0.00%, P < 0.01 and 5.84 vs. 2.16%, P = 0.034, respectively). Conclusions We demonstrated alternations in the profiles of G-MAM between the two groups. Our results suggest that G-MAM may influence carcinogenesis after successful H. pylori eradication.