Repellent effects of Chinese cinnamon oil on nymphal ticks of Haemaphysalis longicornis , Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides , and Hyalomma asiaticum

The repellent activity of Chinese cinnamon oil ( Cinnamomum cassia ) on nymphal ticks ( Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides Supino, and Hyalomma asiaticum Schulze and Schlottke) was evaluated in a sample Y-tube bioassay. The results were based on the vertical migration of ticks during the host-seek phase and showed a dose-dependent repellent effect of Chinese cinnamon oil on the tested nymphs after 6 h. For H. longicornis , R. haemaphysaloides , and H. asiaticum at the concentrations (vol/vol) of 3, 3, and 1.5%, the repellent percentages over time were 68–97, 69–94, and 69–93%, respectively, which indicated strong repellent activities against ticks, similar to the positive control DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide). Chinese cinnamon oil exerted the strongest effect on H. asiaticum nymphs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the repellent effects of Chinese cinnamon oil on ticks. Chinese cinnamon oil has considerable potential and should be developed as a practical tick repellent.