Thresholds for Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Preterm Infants: Evidence to Practice.

Rapid blood loss with circulatory shock is dangerous for the preterm infant as cardiac output and oxygen-carrying capacity are simultaneously imperilled. This requires prompt restoration of circulating blood volume with emergency transfusion. It is recommended that clinicians use both clinical and laboratory responses to guide transfusion requirements in this situation. For preterm infants with anemia of prematurity, it is recommended that clinicians use a restrictive algorithm from one of two recently published clinical trials. Transfusion outside these algorithms in very preterm infants is not evidence-based and is actively discouraged.