F ioria vitifolia Linn. leaf extract-derived Zinc oxide nanoparticles: green synthesis, characterization and its biological activities

In this study, Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were efficiently synthesized using Fioria vitifolia leaf extracts. These NPs were then examined using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with electron diffraction X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ultraviolet–visible spectrum (UV) of ZnO NPs shows a distinctive absorbance region around 371 nm. FTIR spectrum investigation could have shown functional groups of amino acids and peptides that act as stabilizing agents. The hexagonal wurtzite structure has been confirmed via powder XRD signals. Additionally, Electron microscopy analysis of the ZnO NPs demonstrates their sphere-shaped form, and EDX spectra show their chemical composition. In vitro testing is performed on green ZnO NPs to see whether they have the ability to inhibit both Gram + ve ( Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus ) and Gram -ve ( Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli ) bacterium varieties. By two distinct approaches, ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) IC 50 value is 3.07 µg/ mL and DPPH (2,2′-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl) IC 50 value is 122.37 µg/ mL, ZnO NPs shows good antioxidant potential. Human red blood cell membrane stabilization (HRBC) IC 50 value was 60.95 µg/ mL and the albumin denaturation test IC 50 value was 275 µg/ mL, indicating ZnO NPs have a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Using MTT colorimetric assay, the liver cancer (HepG2) cell line was assessed, and the IC 50 value was discovered to be 52.60 µg/ mL. Based on the findings, the synthesized ZnO NPs using Fioria vitifolia are recommended that nano-based medications be created in the future.