Node Vulnerability-Aware co-deployment of D-PMUs and FTUs for active distribution networks

•A node vulnerability-aware co-deployment strategy of D-PMUs and FTUs is proposed.•A node vulnerability index for ADNs is defined based on CNT and risk assessment.•The proposed strategy balances the MS economy, monitorability, and SE accuracy.•The dynamic inertia weight and learning factors improve the DPSO’s performance.•The SE robustness is better when the MS possesses higher SMD.