Responsive fluorescence probes for peroxynitrite: Design strategies, reaction mechanisms, and bioimaging applications

Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is attracting increasing attention due to its involvement in multiple facets of pathophysiological events. Reliable and accurate detection of biogenic ONOO- will definitely benefit for disentangling its complex functions in living systems. Responsive probe-based fluorescence imaging has become an efficient approach to achieve this goal. To date, plenty of fluorescence probes have been developed for ONOO bioimaging in living cells and/or in vivo. To highlight the recent advances, this review emphasizes the design strategy, reaction mechanism, and bioimaging applications of ONOO fluorescence probes developed in recent years. Finally, the challenges and future development trends of ONOO- fluorescence probes are discussed. We believe that this review will provide deep insight and guidance for the fabrication of novel ONOO- fluorescence probes with satisfactory performance, boosting the elucidation of ONOO biochemistry and biofunction, and promoting the diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of ONOO--related diseases.