Supply and demand conflicts of critical heavy rare earth element: Lessons from gadolinium
Resources, Conservation and Recycling(2023)
摘要
•The supply-demand balance of gadolinium (Gd) in China is quantified and compared.•China's consumption of Gd has exceeded its’ supply since 2011.•The increasing demand of NdFeB magnets will lead to Gd shortage in 2030.•Material flows analysis on holistic perspectives is needed for supply chain management.
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关键词
demand conflicts,earth,rare
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