The ore-forming process of the Qingshan gold deposit, Qaidam Basin: Evidence from LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis and S-Pb isotopic compositions

•Three stages of pyrite are identified in Qingshan gold deposit.•The results of LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses indicate that invisible gold occurs in the form of solid solution (Au+), and the mixing of fluids is most likely the reason for gold precipitation.•The results of in situ S-Pb isotopic indicate that sulfur and metals were mainly derived from the upper crust and orogenic belts.