Research of graphdiyne materials applied for electrochemical energy storage

In recent decades, as the world has grappled with the twin challenges of environmental degradation and energy scarcity, the search for sustainable, efficient, and environmentally sound energy technologies has become more urgent than ever. Interest in carbon-based materials has surged in recent years because they are environmentally friendly, abundant, and chemically stable. As an emerging carbon allotrope, graphdiyne (GDY) is a promising candidate for next-generation energy devices due to its unique chemical structure, natural porosity (the pore diameter is 0.542 nm and the layer spacing is 0.365 nm), high conjugation, amazing charge mobility, excellent conductivity, and excellent stability. Here we reviewed the applications of GDY and its derivatives in electrochemical energy storage have been reviewed, including intrinsic GDY (GDY film, GDY with different aggregated morphologies, such as nanotubes, nanowires, and nanostrips), heteroatom doped GDY, GDY composite, and GDY derivates. The preparation strategies of those GDY-based materials and their performances applied in the electrochemical energy storage devices have been compared and discussed. GDY has been reported extensively to show great potential in various energy storage devices including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), and potassium-ion batteries (KIBs), of which the theoretical capacities are up to 2553 (LIBs), 2006 (SIBs), 1600 (KIBs) mAh/g, respectively. This review covers the latest developments, challenges and prospects of GDY based materials for the applications of various energy storage fields. Hopefully, this paper can provide valuable insights for the research of GDY and related carbon materials in electrochemical energy storage and promote the application of carbon materials.