Forest management, forest vegetation, and climate influence nesting ecology of a focal bird species in the western USA
Forest Ecology and Management(2023)
摘要
•Forest management influences nesting ecology of white-headed woodpeckers.•The effects of forest management vary by nesting stage and spatial scale.•Scale-dependency is a tradeoff between nest suitability and resource availability.•Climate prior to and during the nesting season shapes nesting ecology.
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关键词
Egg production,Egg survival,Landscape-scale forest restoration,Nest initiation,Nestling survival,White-headed woodpecker
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