Dynamic crushing behaviors and failure of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries subjected to impact loading

•Dynamic responses and failure of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries subjected to different impact loadings were revealed.•Experimental analyses of dynamic impact tests were conducted for different impactor types and SOCs.•Dynamic failure mechanisms of cylindrical cells under high-velocity impacting were explored by using the stress wave theory.•The relationships between failure displacement and impact velocity and impactor diameter were established under flat-end cylinder head impacting.