Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction based on response surface methodology using HPLC-DAD for the analysis of red clover ( Trifolium pretense L.) isoflavones and its anti-inflammatory activities on LPS-induced 3D4/2 cell.

The extraction conditions of RCI were optimized by HPLC-DAD combined with response surface methodology, which will contribute to the quality control of RCI. RCI had anti-inflammatory effects on the LPS-induced 3D4/2 cells. Its mechanism is to control the activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways, thereby reducing the expression of inflammatory-related genes and suppressing the release of cytokines.