The effect of glatiramer acetate, IFN-1a, fingolimod, and dimethyl fumarate on the expression of T-bet, IFN-, and MEG3 in PBMC of RRMS patients

ObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressing neurodegenerative disease marked by chronic central nervous system inflammation and degeneration.This study investigates gene expression profiles of T-box transcription factor TBX21 (T-bet), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and long non-coding RNA MEG3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from treatment-naive Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis patients (RRMS), healthy controls, and RRMS patients on different Disease Modifying Therapies (DMTs). The aim is to understand the role of T-bet, IFN-gamma, and MEG3 in MS pathogenesis and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.ResultsElevated T-bet expression is observed in treatment-naive RRMS patients compared to healthy individuals. RRMS patients treated with Interferon beta-1alpha (IFN beta-1a) and fingolimod exhibit downregulated T-bet and MEG3 expression levels, respectively, with more pronounced effects in females. Healthy individuals show a moderate positive correlation between T-bet and MEG3 and between IFN-gamma and T-bet. In RRMS patients treated with Glatiramer Acetate (GA), a strong positive correlation is observed between MEG3 and IFN-gamma. Remarkably, RRMS patients treated with Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) exhibit a significant positive correlation between T-bet and MEG3. These findings underscore the diagnostic potential of T-bet in RRMS, warranting further exploration of MEG3, T-bet, and IFN-gamma interplay in RRMS patients.