First-Line Antituberculosis Drug Concentrations in Infants With HIV and a History of Recent Admission With Severe Pneumonia

Optimal antituberculosis therapy is essential for favorable clinical outcomes. Peak plasma concentrations of first-line antituberculosis drugs in infants with living HIV receiving WHO-recommended dosing were low compared with reference values for adults, supporting studies on increased doses of first-line TB drugs in infants. First-line antituberculosis drug peak concentrations in infants with HIV were low compared with reference values for adults. The percent peak concentrations within adult reference values were 51%, 22%, 76%, and 6% for isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, respectively.