Antimicrobial curcumin nanoparticles downregulate joint inflammation and improve osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by degenerative lesions in articular cartilage and becomes increasingly difficult to treat as the inflammatory response progresses and damage to joint cartilage occurs. Therefore, novel therapeutic options are required. In this study, curcumin (Cur) nanoparticles (Cur@Zn&TA) were prepared using a metal–phenol network based on Zn 2+ ions and tannic acid (TA). The poor bioavailability of Cur, caused by low and rapid metabolism, was resolved by metal–phenol network wrapping, thus prolonging the time of action of the drug. This composite nanostructure has several biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chondroprotective, which are ideal for treating OA. Animal tests indicated that Cur@Zn&TA nanoparticles can be directly injected into the joint cavity to regulate the inflammatory response of OA, effectively promoting OA repair and preventing bacterial infections to achieve rapid and long-term treatment of OA. Graphical abstract Antimicrobial curcumin nanoparticles were developed to improve osteoarthritis.