Comparison of H₂O Adsorption and Dissociation Behaviors on Rutile (110) and Anatase (101) Surfaces Based on ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics Simulation

The relationship between structure and reactivity plays a dominant role in water dissociation on the various TiO2 crystallines. To observe the adsorption and dissociation behavior of H2O, the reaction force field (ReaxFF) is used to investigate the dynamic behavior of H2O on rutile (110) and anatase (101) surfaces in an aqueous environment. Simulation results show that there is a direct proton transfer between the adsorbed H2O (H2Oad) and the bridging oxygen (Obr) on the rutile (110) surface. Compared with that on the rutile (110) surface, an indirect proton transfer occurs on the anatase (101) surface along the H-bond network from the second layer of water. This different mechanism of water dissociation is determined by the distance between the 5-fold coordinated Ti (Ti5c) and Obr of the rutile and anatase TiO2 surfaces, resulting in the direct or indirect proton transfer. Additionally, the hydrogen bond (H-bond) network plays a crucial role in the adsorption and dissociation of H2O on the TiO2 surface. To describe interfacial water structures between TiO2 and bulk water, the double-layer model is proposed. The first layer is the dissociated H2O on the rutile (110) and anatase (101) surfaces. The second layer forms an ordered water structure adsorbed to the surface Obr or terminal OH group through strong hydrogen bonding (H-bonding). Affected by the H-bond network, the H2O dissociation on the rutile (110) surface is inhibited but that on the anatase (101) surface is promoted.