Multimodality Imaging in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Atrial Fibrillation.

Ventricular hypertrophy is associated with diastolic dysfunction, resulting in increased left atrial (LA) pressure, enlargement, fibrosis, and decreased LA function. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by myocyte disarray, myocardial fibrosis, and hypertrophy. Notably, a thickened and noncompliant LV results in the impairment of diastolic function. These conditions promote LA remodeling and enlargement, which contribute to developing and maintaining atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is an atrial arrhythmia that occurs frequently in HCM, and evaluating the morphology and physiology of the atrium and ventricle is important for treatment and prognosis determination in HCM patients with AF. In addition, it provides a clue that can predict the possibility of new AF, even in patients not previously diagnosed with AF. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), which can overcome the limitations of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), has been widely used traditionally and even enables tissue characterization; moreover, it has emerged as an essential imaging modality for patients with HCM. Here, we review the role of multimodal imaging in patients with HCM and AF.