Nursing support for breathlessness in patients with cancer: a scoping review

ObjectiveTo identify nursing support provided for the relief of breathlessness in patients with cancer.DesignA scoping review following a standard framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley.Study selectionElectronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Ichushi-Web of the Japan Medical Abstract Society Databases) were searched from inception to 31 January 2022. Studies reporting on patients with cancer (aged >= 18 years), intervention for relief from breathlessness, nursing support and quantitatively assessed breathlessness using a scale were included.ResultsOverall, 2629 articles were screened, and 27 were finally included. Results of the qualitative thematic analysis were categorised into 12 nursing support components: fan therapy, nurse-led intervention, multidisciplinary intervention, psychoeducational programme, breathing technique, walking therapy, inspiratory muscle training, respiratory rehabilitation, yoga, acupuncture, guided imagery and abdominal massage.ConclusionsWe identified 12 components of nursing support for breathlessness in patients with cancer. The study results may be useful to understand the actual state of nursing support provided for breathlessness in patients with terminal cancer and to consider possible support that can be implemented.