Nanotargeted Cationic Lipid Microbubbles Carrying HSV-TK Gene Inhibit the Development of Subcutaneous Liver Tumor Model After HIFU Ablation

Objectives High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been widely used in clinical settings and has achieved suitable results in the treatment of many cancerous or noncancerous diseases. However, in the treatment of liver cancer, because the tumor is located deep within the liver tissue, when ultrasound penetrates the tissue, it will inevitably produce sound energy attenuation. This attenuation limits the reliability of HIFU treatment, reduce the efficacy of HIFU, and increase the risk of tumor recurrence.Methods Cationic microbubbles (CMB) were successfully linked with GPC3 and HSV-TK plasmids, and targeted gene-carrying CMB were successfully constructed. Moreover, the gene-targeted cation microbubbles had suitable targeting and can specifically bind with liver cancer cells.Results The HSV-TK transfection efficiency was high and had a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation and invasion of liver cancer cells. After the gene-carrying cation microbubbles entered the animal body, they had a great targeting effect in vivo. They transfected the target genes into liver cancer cells, and the HSV-TK/GCV system initiated cell death, demonstrating that these targeted microbubbles, enhanced HIFU treatment.Conclusions Overall, CMB combined with a GPC3 antibody and HSV-TK plasmid can target residual subcutaneous liver tumor cells under the guidance of GPC3 antibody, and kill residual subcutaneous liver tumor cells under the action of ultrasound, thus enhancing the therapeutic effect of HIFU on liver cancer.