A craton-like subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Trans-North China Orogen revealed by the ca. 1.54?Ga kimberlites

Ancient orogens within the supercontinent like Columbia can remain stable evolution as long as the cratons. What kind of lithospheric mantle was beneath those orogens and how it evolved into a stable state are still enigmatic. The Trans-North China orogen (TNCO) is one of the typical collisional orogens within the Columbia supercontinent and was formed at ca. 1.85 Ga. Our work reveals that a cluster of kimberlites intruded the orogenic belt at ca. 1.54 Ga. These rocks were originally generated under a thick lithosphere (>200 km). Their entrained olivine cores show a composition of overlapping olivines from refractory mantle peridotites. The results suggest a thick and refractory lithospheric mantle beneath the TNCO at ca. 1.54 Ga. Such craton-like property may result from large volume melt extraction from the lithospheric mantle, possibly caused by the ca. 1.78 Ga large igneous event, which eventually induces the long-term stability of the TNCO during the subsequent supercontinent cycle.