Examining the carbon emission impact of livelihood transitions in pro-poor tourism

This study examines carbon dioxide (CO2) emission changes from livelihood transitions during tourism development to assess the environmental impact of pro-poor tourism (PPT) in China. The results indicate that livelihood transitions during PPT increased household income but also produced more CO2 emissions. CO(2 )emissions vary depending on factors including livelihood types after transition, income and household sizes, etc. The CO2 per unit of income from tourism-based livelihoods is higher than from non-tourism-based livelihoods. Different livelihood strategies post transition also affect emissions. Practical suggestions that may mitigate emissions while not compromising residents' income levels are provided.