Using digital technologies to strengthen routine immunization data in Enugu, Nigeria: A qualitative study of stakeholders' perceptions of open data kit

Background: Stakeholders have had a long-standing concern about the quality of Routine Immunisation (RI) data in Nigeria. Digital technology tools like Open Data Kit (ODK) can address this challenge by reducing errors and discrepancies in RI data. However, despite its use in various health promotion programs, ODK is yet to be implemented for RI data capture and transmission. Aim: The purpose of this study is to explore stakeholders' views regarding the use of ODK for RI data capture and transmission. Methods: The study was conducted in Enugu State, using a qualitative research approach. Stakeholders in RI from Primary health facilities, local government quarters and Enugu state primary health care development agencies (ENS-PHCDA) were purposefully selected and interviewed. The analyses followed a thematic approach. Results: The study found that the current method of RI data capture is challenged by delays, incomplete and inaccurate reporting. Stakeholders had a positive reception of a switch to ODK for RI data capture and transmission because they think it can address the challenges associated with the current method, which is partly paper-based. The desire to switch to ODK was based on the belief that it guarantees data safety, timely submission, and reduced error or inaccurate data; these views were informed by previous experience with ODK in other health promotion programs. Stakeholders also perceived that to effectively implement ODK for RI data capture and transmission, training must be properly organized and resources put in place. Conclusion: The study provides new knowledge to pave the way for pilot implementation and integration of ODK for RI data capture and transmission in Enugu State, Nigeria.