Activation of Cellular Cytokine Expression with Heteropoly Acids

Correlations between the immunomodulatory properties of heteropoly acids (HPAs) and the stiffness of target cells, which depend on the content of membrane cholesterol, are established. A molecular model of the cellular activation of immunoactive cytokine (CT) genes by heteropoly acids is constructed. The specific features of the immunomodulatory properties of HPAs in relation to healthy and cancer cells (HFFs, A549, and L41 lines) are discussed. A mechanism for the formation of increased antiviral activity of HPAs against (+)ssRNA viruses is proposed. We substantiate the possibility of the increased nonspecific antiviral activity of HPAs against pandemic strains of SARS-CoV-2, inactivation of which may involve HPA-activated cytokines.