Role of Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain-Containing 3 Gene for Kidney Dysfunction in Diabetes Endotypes

Recent studies identified distinct endotypes of diabetes with differences in metabolic features and in risk for diabetes-related comorbidities. Of note, persons allocated to the severe insulin resistant diabetes (SIRD) endotype, who show increased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), are more frequently carriers of the G-allele in the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs738409 in the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) gene. This SNP associates with increased risk of NAFLD yet the association between the presence of the PNPLA3 SNP and CKD remains controversial. The present study examined whether this SNP differently associates with CKD in endotypes of recent-onset diabetes. Participants with newly diagnosed diabetes (n=707) from the prospective German Diabetes Study underwent k-means clustering, genotyping, magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine hepatocellular lipid content (HCL) and laboratory analyses to calculate the glomerular filtration rates (eGFR). SIRD had the lowest eGFR and highest HCL compared to severe insulin deficient, moderate obesity-related, moderate age-related and severe autoimmune diabetes clusters (all p<0.05). HCL was negatively associated with eGFR (r=-0.287, p<0.01) across all groups. Further stratification by PNPLA3 G-allele carrier status did not reveal any association between HCL and eGFR in any of the diabetes types, irrespective of G-allele carrier status. However, with declining eGFR the proportion of G-allele carriers increased from 44% for eGFR >60 ml/min to 52% for eGFR <60 ml/min (p<0.05). In conclusion, increased hepatic lipid content is associated with reduced kidney function across all diabetes endotypes. This association is independent of the presence of the PNPLA3 polymorphism in newly diagnosed diabetes, but there might be role for PNPLA3 for the severity of CKD. Disclosure O.P. Zaharia: None. K. Strassburger: None. B. Knebel: None. Y. Kupriyanova: None. J. Kotzka: None. K. Bódis: None. M. Schön: None. M. Bombrich: None. C. Möser: None. K. Prystupa: Other Relationship; Berlin-Chemie AG. H. Al-Hasani: None. V. Schrauwen-Hinderling: None. K. Jandeleit-Dahm: None. R. Wagner: Speaker's Bureau; Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. Advisory Panel; Daiichi Sankyo. M. Roden: Advisory Panel; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Novartis. Consultant; TARGET PharmaSolutions, Inc. Research Support; Sanofi. Funding German Research Foundation; European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes; German Diabetes Association; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; Heinrich Heine University