Photocatalytic applications and modification methods of two-dimensional nanomaterials: a review

Due to its unique electronic structure and special size effect, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have shown great potential far beyond bulk materials in the field of photocatalysis. How to deeply explore the photocatalytic mechanism of 2D nanomaterials and design more efficient 2D semiconductor photocatalysts are research hotspots. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to typical 2D nanomaterials and discusses their current application status in the field of photocatalysis. The effects of material properties such as band structure, morphology, crystal face structure, crystal structure and surface defects on the photocatalytic process are discussed. The main modification methods are highlighted, including doping, noble metal deposition, heterojunction, thickness adjustment, defect engineering, and dye sensitization in 2D material systems. Finally, the future development of 2D nanomaterials is prospected. It is hoped that this paper can provide systematic and useful information for researchers engaged in the field of photocatalysis.