Gamma-sterilized cow-dung for confiscation of triphenylmethane dyes from water bodies

The purpose of this work was to adsorb the triphenylmethane dyes crystal violet (CV), brilliant green (BG), and malachite green (MG) from an aqueous solution using cowdung (CD) that has been gamma-sterilized. FTIR, SEM, EDX, and TGA-DTA advanced techniques were used to characterize CD. The material had a pHPZC of 6, and it was shown that the maximal monolayer adsorption capacities for CV (at pH 4.83), BG (at pH 4.53), and MG (at pH 3.75) were, respectively, 179.39, 172.28, and 111.62 mg g-1. The equilibrium results were completely described by the pseudo-second order model and Langmuir isotherm. Using the van't Hoff and Arrhenius equations, thermodynamic parameters like & UDelta;G, & UDelta;S, and & UDelta;H were computed. The exothermic nature of the process change is indicated by the fact that the adsorption of CV and BG increased with lowering temperature whereas the adsorption of MG increased with increasing temperature, as the process was endothermic. Curiously, the values of the adsorption capacity acquired using the column adsorption approach is very similar to those obtained using batch adsorption trials illustrating the CD's capacity for dyes adsorption.