Optimization of ideal engine parameters to adopt ammonia and algae biodiesel for reactivity controlled compression ignition engine using response surface methodology

Graphical abstract Renewable and green fuels like carbon-free ammonia and carbon neutral algal-biodiesel appear to be more promising alternatives. Reactivity controlled compression ignition offers a viable alternative to classical combustion. In current delving, compression ratio, injection timing and premixing ratio are established by investigating the combustion, performance, and emission parameters of reactivity-controlled compression ignition operation fueled with ammonia and algae biodiesel as low reactive and high reactive fuel. Primarily, different compression ratio (16, 17, and 18) for different ammonia energy premixing fractions (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) at 80% load with standard injection time (24 & DEG; before top dead center) was evaluated to identify the ideal compression ratio. Next stage, different Injection timing (24 & DEG;, 26 & DEG;, and 28 & DEG; before top dead center) was examined with that ideal compression ratio at 80% load utilizing combustion attributes. Finally, with the ideal compression ratio and injection timing (18 & DEG; and 26 & DEG;), the performance and emission for various ammonia energy premixing fractions (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) on the entire load ranges (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) were investigated and the optimal fuel fraction was arrived by multi objective optimization technique in response surface methodology by considering response weights. The multi objective optimization result enhances the 43% ammonia premixing combustion. The experimental validation of 43% ammonia premixing combustion achieved the best brake thermal efficiency of 34.02% whereas fuel consumption is 12.72 MJ/kWh. The maximum emission rate of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and smoke opacity is 47 ppm, 0.084% volume, 2.04% volume 593 ppm and 15.9%. In comparison to the Conventional biodiesel combustion, an increase in efficiency of 3.34% and a decrease in energy consumption of 3.72% are achieved for the 43% ammonia energy premixing combustion. Similarly, emissions were reduced by 45.35%, 44%, 46.25%, 23.44%, and 28.38% respectively than conventional biodiesel combustion.