Intelligent Mesh Cluster Algorithm for Device-Free Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks

Device-free localization (DFL) is a technology designed to determine the positions of targets without the need for them to carry electronic devices. It achieves this by analyzing the shadowing effects of radio links within wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, obtaining high precision in DFL often results in increased energy consumption, severe electromagnetic interference, and other challenges that impact positioning accuracy. Most DFL schemes for accurate tracking require substantial memory and computing resources, which make them unsuitable for resource-constrained applications. To address these challenges, we propose an intelligent mesh cluster (IMC) algorithm that achieves accurate tracking by adaptively activating a subset of wireless links. This approach not only reduces electromagnetic interference but also saves energy. The IMC algorithm leverages geometric objects, such as meshes and mesh clusters formed by wireless links, to achieve low computational complexity. By scanning a subset of mesh cluster-related wireless links near the DFL target, the algorithm significantly reduces the computational requirements. The target's location estimate is determined based on the connection information among the mesh clusters. We conducted numerous simulations to evaluate the performance of the IMC algorithm. The results demonstrate that the IMC algorithm outperforms grid-based and particle filter-based DFL methods, confirming its effectiveness in achieving accurate and efficient localization.