Critical Advances of Aqueous Rechargeable Ammonium Ion Batteries

Aqueous rechargeable batteries have drawn wide attention owing to the advantages of low cost, high safety, and rapid kinetic process. In recent years, the use of NH4+ ions and other nonmetallic ions as carrier batteries has come into researchers' view. The storage of NH4+ shows fast diffusion kinetics and the ability to achieve highly reversible redox processes by forming hydrogen bonds between NH4+ and electrode materials. Designing and exploration of advanced materials for NH4+ storage are of high significance in building high-performance aqueous battery systems. This review summarizes the latest advances of critical materials, including Prussian blue analogs, transition metal oxides, and organic compounds for NH4+ batteries. Comparison of properties among different materials is discussed in detail. Different NH4+ storage behaviors according to several kinds of materials are demonstrated. Finally, the challenges and valuable perspectives for the further development of aqueous NH4+ batteries are also provided. Herein, the electrode materials for ammonium ion batteries are classified and the crucial materials are introduced in detail. A comprehensive comparison of the properties between different materials is presented. Different NH4+ storage behaviors according to several kinds of materials are demonstrated. Finally, the challenges and valuable perspectives for the further development of aqueous NH4+ batteries are also provided.image & COPY; 2023 WILEY-VCH GmbH