Frac-Hit Prevention Countermeasures in Shale Gas Reservoirs with Natural Fractures

The development of natural fractures (NFs) in shale gas reservoirs is conducive to improving the productivity of shale gas wells. However, NF development leads to high-frequency frac hits between the infill and parent wells, which critically restricts its efficiency. To elucidate the large contribution of hydraulic fractures (HFs) and NFs in frac hits during the production and the development of NF-developed shale gas reservoirs, such reservoirs in the WY area of western China are taken as an example. A total of 197 frac hits well events in this area are systematically classified via the frac-hit discrimination method, and the effects of different factors on HF- and NF- dominated frac hits are classified and studied. Combined with the correlation analysis method and the chart method, the main controlling factors affecting the two types of frac hits are determined, and the corresponding frac-hit prevention countermeasures are proposed. The research demonstrates that (1) the distribution and development of NFs are crucial to production after frac hits. NFs and HFs in the WY area cause 51% and 49%, respectively, of the frac hits. (2) The main controlling factors in NF-dominated frac hits are the approximation angle, fracture linear density, and horizontal stress difference, whereas they are net pressure in fractures, horizontal stress difference, and liquid strength in HF-dominated frac hits. Sensitivity analysis shows that the NF activation difficulty coefficient fluctuates between -35.1% and 47.6%, and the maximum hydraulic fracture length fluctuates between -43.5% and 25.29%. (3) The corresponding frac-hit prevention countermeasures are proposed for the two types of formation mechanisms from different approaches, including frac-hit risk assessment and path planning, production well pressurization and stress diversion, and infill-well fracturing parameter optimization. This paper not only provides a reference for exploring the formation mechanism of frac hits in fractured shale gas reservoirs but also a theoretical basis for the corresponding frac-hit prevention countermeasures.