Supernova Neutrino Spectra and Observations by Large Volume Telescopes

The energy spectra of neutrinos of type II supernovae under various explosion mechanisms are considered. For dynamo active supernovae it is shown that effective neutrino collisions in magnetized nucleon gas caused by the Gamow–Teller component of the neutral current lead to neutrino acceleration. Such an increase in the hardness of the neutrino energy spectrum is favorable for observations of supernova neutrinos using neutrino telescopes. The possibilities of detecting neutrinos of supernovae by large-volume observatories (KM3NeT and Baikal-GVD) are discussed.