Does Intra-Urban Residential Relocation Affect the Elderly's Health and Well-Being? An Empirical Study of Nanjing, China

There are few existing studies from a spatial perspective that explore the mechanism of the living environment, relocated direction and relocated distance on the elderly's physical and mental health. Based on the 2019 household survey questionnaire data, this study utilizes a binomial logistic regression model and residents' in-depth interviews to study relocated behavior in Nanjing. We analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of relocated behaviors, the accumulation effect at different stages and the influence of relocated intention on physical and mental health among the elderly. The findings are as follows: (1) The mode of relocation among the elderly includes long-term cumulative effects and short-term effects. Frequent relocation has a cumulative negative impact on the physical and mental health of the elderly. (2) The elderly relocated in the short-term had a great negative impact on their mental health but had no significant impact on their physical health. (3) In the last relocation, active relocation had a significantly positive impact on physical health. The "centrifugal relocation" from the main urban area to the surrounding new cities has a significant positive impact on mental health. Moreover, long-distance relocations adversely affected mental health.