Rural Farmers' Perceptions for the Impacts of Climate Change and Adaptation Policies on Wheat Productivity: Insights from a Recent Study in Balochistan, Pakistan

Climate change (CC) is a worldwide environmental issue affecting all economic sectors, especially agriculture. Pakistan is one of the countries most affected by CC due to the country's vulnerability to catastrophic events and limited ability to adapt. Assessing existing activities for adaptation to CC at the farm level is critical to understanding their success and recommending additional government measures. This study analyzes possible farming practice modifications that Pakistani farmers may adopt to reduce the loss of agricultural output due to the rising prevalence of dangerous weather events by CC. Data for the current research were gathered from 432 wheat farmers in rural Pakistan. This article investigates many factors that impact farmers' decisions to CC adaptation in crop production utilizing binary logit (BL) and multivariate probit (MVP) models. Gender, education level, farming experience, farm size, level of damage, access to finance, and training participation are characteristics that substantially affect farmers' likelihood of adapting to CC. Farm size and participation in CC training were the most critical factors influencing farmers' CC adaptation decisions. Policy recommendations were presented to increase the farmers' resilience in the study areas to CC. These comprise expanding CC training courses, developing regulations to encourage agricultural integration, and integrating CC and adaptation to CC principles into the operations of regional organizations. Finally, based on the findings, policymakers will be better equipped to address the challenges posed by CC and create a more resilient agricultural sector. This, in turn, will contribute to improving food security, ensuring sustainable agricultural growth.