What Could Possibly Go Wrong? Unsuccessful Take-Over Attempts during Conditional Driving Automation.

In conditional driving automation (SAE L3), a vehicle may issue a take-over request at any time, and the driver must intervene by resuming control. Normally, the driver would manually resolve a situation that the vehicle could not handle and then switch back to full driving automation mode. In this video, however, we focus only on unsuccessful take-over attempts that resulted in collisions and their causes. An expert driver observed and labeled video recordings of 18 unsuccessful take-over attempts out of 216 take-overs, performed in a driving simulator user study. The unsuccessful take-overs were then categorized into five groups in which the driver: 1) did not brake; 2) took over too late; 3) did not take over at all; 4) was too immersed in the secondary task; and 5) had problems with the user interface. The resulting video shows an example of each type of unsuccessful take-over event.