Clinical feature and genetic mutation of KBG syndrome diagnosed in neonatal period: A case report

Rationale:KBG syndrome (KBGS, OMIM: 148050), a rare genetic disorder, is clinically characterized by megalodontia, short stature, skeletal abnormalities, and nervous system manifestations. In the study, we explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of one neonate suffering KBGS caused by ANKRD11 gene mutation.Patient concerns:The proband, a female, was born prematurely at 31 + 2 weeks. There were repeated infections and abdominal distension in the first month after birth, and the platelets could not rise to normal. Head ultrasound showed intracranial brain injury and intracranial hemorrhage.Diagnoses:Sequencing revealed that there was a heterozygous mutation in exon 9 of the ANKRD11 gene (NM_013275.5) for the child, c.1896_1897delTA (p.H632Qfs*30), which was a de novo mutation and has not been reported. Combining clinical features and genetic results, the proband was diagnosed as KBGS.Interventions and outcomes:The brain sonography on day 4 after birth showed brain injury and intracranial hemorrhage. Therefore, 140 mg of bovine lung surfactant was administered through endotracheal intubation in addition to ventilator-assisted ventilation. Antibiotic treatment was also given till the inflammatory indicators of the infant returned to normal levels. The following-up of 1-year-6-month showed that the language, motion and height of development is slight falling behind the children of the same age.Lessons:This is the first case of KBGS was diagnosed in the neonatal period, which provides a reference for the child to receive timely and correct treatment.