Nurse Anesthetist Practice Over 40 Years: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study in Norway.

Research focusing on the scope of practice by nurse anesthetists (NAs) is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine NAs' scope of practice in Norway, and to explore whether and how this has changed during the period from 1979 to 2018. The study had a repeated crosssectional design. All members of the Norwegian Association of Nurse Anesthetists at the four time-points (1979, 1989, 1999 and 2018) were invited to participate in a questionnaire study. Inclusion criteria were education and work as an NA and currently working in Norway. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings indicate that the scope of NAs' practice in Norway has been increasingly restricted from 1979 to 2018 (N = 2171, P < .001). Additionally, the presence of an anesthesiologist when performing anesthesia had significantly increased during that time (39% in 1979 vs 90% in 2018). However, NAs' independent practice significantly increased in some areas, such as handling of acute situations, (i.e., handling of laryngospasm/bronchospasm [41% in 1979 versus 54% in 2018]). International and national standards underline the independent role of NAs. The development shown in our results should be addressed to avoid further restrictions of NAs' scope of practice.