Effects of Avatar Transparency on Social Presence in Task-Centric Mixed Reality Remote Collaboration

Despite the importance of avatar representation on user experience for Mixed Reality (MR) remote collaboration involving various device environments and large amounts of task-related information, studies on how controlling visual parameters for avatars can benefit users in such situations have been scarce. Thus, we conducted a user study comparing the effects of three avatars with different transparency levels (Nontransparent, Semi-transparent, and Near-transparent) on social presence for users in Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) during task-centric MR remote collaboration. Results show that avatars with a strong visual presence are not required in situations where accomplishing the collaborative task is prioritized over social interaction. However, AR users preferred more vivid avatars than VR users. Based on our findings, we suggest guidelines on how different levels of avatar transparency should be applied based on the context of the task and device type for MR remote collaboration.