Rapid discrimination of urine specific gravity using spectroscopy and a modified combination method based on SPA and spectral index

To achieve high-accuracy urine specific gravity discrimination and guide the design of four-waveband multispectral sensors. A modified combination strategy was attempted to be proposed based on the successive projections algorithm (SPA) and the spectral index (SI) in the present study. First, the SPA was used to select four spectral variables in the full spectra. Second, the four spectral variables were mathematically transformed by SI to obtain SI values. Then, SPA gradually fusions the SI values and establishes models to identify USG. The results showed that the SPA can screen out the four characteristic wavelengths related to the measured sample attributes. SIs can be used to improve the performance of constructed prediction models. The best model only involves four spectral variables and 1 SI value, with high accuracy (91.62%), sensitivity (0.9051), and specificity (0.9667). The results reveal that m-SPA-SI can effectively distinguish USG and provide design guidance for 4-wavelength multispectral sensors.