Scheduling Electric Vehicle Charging Considering Battery Charging and Swapping Operations

The rapid increase in the use of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates new methods to manage the emerging challenges in power system operation due to the high charging power of EVs. To this end, various technologies such as, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), battery-to-grid (B2G) and battery swapping are used in the literature for effectively managing the charging demand of EVs. In this study, the coordinated use of a battery charging station (BCS) and battery swapping station (BSS) is considered by employing V2G, B2G and swapping operations to support the grid during the peak energy period and to improve the service quality to EV users. The results demonstrate that the coordinated use of BCS and BSS can provide both economic and operational benefits.