Bi-level Optimal Configuration for Smart Buildings Based on Shared Energy Storage Service

To avoid the problems of low energy storage utilization and poor economic benefits in smart buildings with separate configurations of energy storage, a bi-level optimal configuration method for smart buildings based on shared energy storage services is proposed, which can consider the differences and complementarity of energy storage demand of each smart building in different scenarios and bring into play the maximum efficiency of energy storage while reducing energy storage investment costs. Firstly, the operation mode of smart building participation in shared energy storage is introduced. Secondly, a bi-level programming model of smart buildings based on a shared energy storage power station is established. Among them, the upper-level objective function is the optimal economic benefit considering the whole life cycle cost of a shared energy storage power station; the lower-level is the lowest smart building operation cost considering the thermal inertia of the building. And the KKT condition and Big-M method are used to convert the bi-level model into a single-level mixed integer linear model to solve. Finally, the economics and validity of the proposed model are verified by case analysis, and it is proved that smart building participation in shared energy storage services can effectively reduce costs, save energy storage resources, and achieve a win-win situation for both smart building and energy storage plant operators.