A qualitative exploration of participant experiences of using Alpha-Stim AID for the treatment of moderate severity depressive symptoms in primary care

Background: Alpha-Stim AID is a device for the treatment of anxiety, insomnia and depression. Evidence on patient experiences of using the device for depressive symptoms is scarce. We explored participant experiences of the device during a randomised controlled trial comparing active versus sham Alpha-Stim AID (Alpha-Stim-D Trial) for the treatment of depressive symptoms in primary care. Methods: Fourteen qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted via Microsoft Teams or over the telephone six months after recruitment to the trial had finished. Participants reported moderate severity depressive symptoms (mean PHQ-9 score of 15.8), 50% were male and the mean age was 40.0 years (age range 19–65 years). Interviews were analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Participants’ initial views of the Alpha-Stim AID device was that it was an interesting and novel treatment for depressive symptoms, although some were initially wary that the device may change brain function. Many found the device (active and sham) straightforward to use, portable and easy to incorporate into their life with positive effects on mood, anxiety and sleep. Some experienced difficulties with the battery, ear clips and wires. Additional challenges included the stigma of drawing attention to their need for a mental health treatment, device cost, and experiencing no change or worsening of symptoms. Limitations: The study lacked perspectives from participants who decided not to commence using the Alpha-Stim AID device or complete treatment. Conclusions: People with depressive symptoms were interested in using the Alpha-Stim AID, as it provided an alternative accessible treatment option. Despite experienced barriers, Alpha-Stim AID was perceived favourably by most participants. Participant experience may be enhanced by addressing device impracticalities, but its cost could restrict treatment accessibility.