Transplantation of hematopoietic progenitors in myelofibrosis.

The objective of this work is to generate recommendations on the management of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) in primary myelofibrosis (PMF). A comprehensive systematic review of articles published between 1999 and 2015 (January) was used as a source of scientific evidence. The recommendations were produced through a Delphi process involving a panel of 23 experts appointed by the European LeukemiaNet and the European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group. Key questions included patient selection, donor selection, pre-transplant management, conditioning regimen, post-transplant management, prevention, and management of post-transplant relapse. Patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk disease and age < 70 years should be considered candidates for allo-SCT. Patients with intermediate-risk 1 disease and age < 65 years should be considered candidates if they have refractory transfusion-dependent anemia, or a peripheral blood (PB) blast percentage > 2%, or adverse cytogenetics. Splenectomy before transplantation must be decided on a case-by-case basis. Patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk disease who lack a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling or unrelated donor should be enrolled in a protocol that uses HLA non-identical donors. PB was considered the most appropriate source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplants from HLA-matched unrelated donors and siblings. The optimal intensity of the conditioning regimen has yet to be defined. Strategies such as discontinuation of immunosuppressive drugs, infusion of donor lymphocytes, or both were considered adequate to prevent clinical relapse. In conclusion, we provide consensus-based recommendations aimed at optimizing allo-SCT in PMF. Unmet clinical needs were highlighted.