Liquid-liquid phase separation in DNA double-strand break repair.

DNA repair factors function through spatiotemporal conden-sation and dissolution at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Recent advances have indicated that some DSB repair factors undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and show droplet-like properties, as well as dynamic material exchange. Importantly, LLPS regulates various biological processes, and aberrant LLPS is involved in the pathologic progression of var-ious diseases.