Dosage compensation of Z sex chromosome genes in avian fibroblast cells
Genome biology(2023)
Abstract
In birds, sex is genetically determined; however, the molecular mechanism is not well-understood. The avian Z sex chromosome (chrZ) lacks whole chromosome inactivation, in contrast to the mammalian chrX. To investigate chrZ dosage compensation and its role in sex specification, we use a highly quantitative method and analyze transcriptional activities of male and female fibroblast cells from seven bird species. Our data indicate that three fourths of chrZ genes are strictly compensated across Aves, similar to mammalian chrX. We also present a complete list of non-compensated chrZ genes and identify Ribosomal Protein S6 (RPS6) as a conserved sex-dimorphic gene in birds.
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Key words
Birds, Sex chromosome, Dosage compensation, Sex determination, Fibroblast, CAGE (cap analysis of gene expression), TSS (transcription start site), CASI (cell autonomous sex identity), RPS6 (ribosomal protein S6)
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